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F BERGER.

ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.21.1920.

Patented Nov. 15, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

I l l INVENTOR fTPED BEFaEA A TTORNE r8 WITNESSES Mfm W- W F. BERGER.

ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILIED DEC-21,1920.

Patented Nov. 15, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2 I I I I I llllllllllll ll I l I I I l l l l I I INVENTOR F520 EEPGEE WITNESSES #JZM mm,

A TTORNEYS' F. BERGER.

ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR VEHICLES. APPucmo'u men nzc.21.zs2o.

' 1,397,353. Patented Nov. 15, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

INVENTOR Fae-0 559657? 5% ATTORIVE rs WITNESSES Maw/M FMJZW BEST AVAiUaELE v UNITED STATESWPA'TENT oFFI'cE.

"mean Bunsen, or nnw YORK, N. Y., *AssrGNoR oF-"oNE'n'AnF To'niiwARn toms a I ,mcMaNUs Jn, or'wnw ronxfnhiz,

Z allwhomzt 91mg} concern: H VJ, ,enginegalid 'yvherebyfl the g n when, up-

Be i mQwll h fL-fi RGE tfl citlzen sei elq ith sp e te ilpt ep otiiiethat. p r of t eit ta r nd aside tef the ip e ti i r l eii g t eba t y city of Ne i k;boto g tof an att n, in 7'; giilt'jiti lkb flppa e 5 :1 :the oun ya i ta eeilie Yorkahe einm thei l wii fie fi htion h lier' ypes 6 :ivented ne i nd,;l; aprevel,-, lee riaQ iv f fi weszielementsles bae dataaase at n-MQhid Sw Mhi h Eth iol w n i aj el mentid 'e ai aofl t-i yp iiigwstrgllii g eratio'n -pleapQsand exact description. f5, g mechanisr n sca l 110e e mployedgthanimanual or {Ehis-i e it nxr l t si anew n im- ReQaIZ.qp rateglgawi ehswithout. wing 51, p ey dfelectricd ite or-v h le 329 thsp i he." iit'iph' ii ie tettheanrentiong s i mall5a e 9Ii wm n ere y A? dtis E9 whi hfi I a1 Ja R .weh c ota enmeigh s sopa derabl new t iaerameeetiall .repr e teth red ,i .J :rlf iQn W SfiQh tat: isid easily: operable L control system; whereby e;;- af r, p es'entation of mess powe ag emte'd i thecp lt feye y iition e t Mt at-d teh Afurthe'r object'resisles-ingtheproyision ,fi isv a similar representat o the ..20 of-meanswhereby a ibatterynsedfinconjunc- ,c rcu t conditions fonlhigh sp eed ;dperatipn;,7 5

tion withythe power system; panybe; charged 1Fig. -4= is a sixnilar,, epresentation;.for the at will'zat {timebythe'manipulation of a revers al-of the motion of the vehicle' ,v ,sin'gle switch element,regardless; offthe jposi- ;;Fig,; 5 is-a i;nil arhrepresentatio ,ofgcirtion For conditionjof; the other members iof .cuit oonditions;when the,batteryas being ,2 5 .the powerand control systems. charged;, g

--A still further objectresides in; the 'par- Fig. fit is a detailsection ofthe pedal-0p- ;ticularconstrnction and arragement of parts ,erated-switoh taken onethe line EE-Qof Eig. ;-herein after' .described-1 andfiiclaimed and .'Z and s",; If 5 'shown'inthe accompanyin drawings. J rFig. 'Zisgavsectiontaken on.the lme[k 1 i Myinventiominzgenerai compr'isesa ve- Fig. 6f, i s: 85

hicle on whichan electric dynamo ismountr In the operation of ;vehicles -which are V ed and driven by any suitable engine, such as @driven by electrical energy, it is highly dea gasolene enginefirThis dynamo is electrisirable,-on account of the inherent complex cally, but not mechanically, connected. tofla ,ityiof electrical circuitsand the difiiculty of reversible motor through the intermediary repairing the, same, to pr 0yide, an ex ceed- ,30 ofcontroller elements; H Oneof these .coningly compact,- simple and easily operable troller elements is a'manuallyv operable cirsystemg \Vheneverelectrical, powenmechacuit changer whereby various circuit con- -nismsare usedin connection /with s torage 'nections betweenthe dynamo and the motor batteries, it, is highly desirable; also to;'pr9- 40 can beestablished. Certain of these circuit vide simple and easily operable, means,g5

changes establishedby; the movement of the whereby the battery can be kept constantly manua1 controller are carried through a seccharged, and that such chargingactiongcan 0nd controller element, which is preferably be effected at any time at thewill of the a pedal switch. The circuit-arrangements driver of, the car and by the actuationofa i are sueh'that whenever the'pedal-switchis sinmple means regardless ofsthe condition 400 operated the energy of the dynamo is immeof the circuits or the operation "of the car at diatelyv transferredto; a storage battery 5 the time that it is desired to charge the;b at- -mounted on the vehicleto charge the same, tery. j ,3;

independent of the-condition or position of In the drawings I have shown-as theprethe manual controller. This operation of ferred embodiment of my invention avehicle 105 the single switch permitsthe charging of 1 on which is mounted an internal combusthe battery wheneventhe engine is .idle or tion motor 2 connected to an electric.- dynamo running free. 8. This dynamo may be of any suitable Further means are provided whereby the type desired to give the proper electrical dynamo can be driven as a motor to start the characteristics, such as current and voltage, l

tive to asetof fixed contact-fingers so as to establish different circuit'conditions in ac- -"cordance"with'the position of the handle.

The'ped'al switch 8,"as'shown in Fig. 7-, is

preferabl a reciprocable block of insulating material 10 slida'b'ly mounted within a casing 11*tindoperated bynieans of the -de'p're'ssion of a foot pedal 12. The block '10 is norin'al1'y heldin an upwardpos'ition by the acti'onofa spring 13 against the' bottom. This block -is provided with a plii'rality of contact b'arsuionn'ected in proper circuit relation, wirieh-eozspemte with a set of fix'e'd contact fingers hereinafter tobe described.

" ln'Fig. lthe connections are shown for the operation of the system for the purpose 6f starting'theinternal combustionmotor 2. In this'figure "thehandle 9 of the controller 'is'in *a-neut'ral position. In order to start the m'o'to'r'it is necessary to close a switch 13, which may be conveniently mounted'on the instrument boardor any other part of the vehicle convenient'to the operator. Then this switch 13' is closed, the following cir- "c'uitfortheener'gization'of the "dynamo 3 as a motor can be traced :from battery '6, wire 14, contact finger 15, contact bar 16, wire 17, 'conta ct'bar 18, contact finger 19, wire 20, through the dynamo 3, wire 21, switch 13', u n-e22,"am'perc hour meter 23, wire 24, hack to the'ba'ttery 6. The flow of current through the dynamo inthis direction causes it 'to be'a'ctuatcd as a motor. Its rigid coniiection with the internal combustion motor 2 causes'this motorto be'turned over, whereby the motor 2'can be started. As soon as the motor is started the switch 13 is opened.

'VVhen this switch is opened, the battery is disconnected from the dynamo 3, and it will also be observed that there is no electrical connection between the dynamo and 'the motor 4. The dynamo, therefore, is being turned over by the motor 2 under no load conditions. I

' Referring to Fig. 2, and'assuniing that it is desired to start the vehicle in motion in low*'speed,the handle 9 is moved to the first operating position, whereupon the following circuit can be traced: tronidynamo 3, wire 20, contact finger 19, contact bar '25, wire '26, contact bar 2-7, contact fingers 28, wire -tionwith the system in low speed.

Considering Fig. 3, when it is desired to operate the vehicle' at high speed the controllerhandle is moved tea-second position in which th'e following circuit can be traced:

from battery (i-"to wire 14, contact finger 15,

contact bar 37, wire 38,-contact bar 39, con tact *fing'er '40, wire 41, through winding &2

of the motort, wire 43, contact finger 44;,

Contact bar 45, *wir'e46,'contact'bar"47,-con- "tact finge ed-whe ze, ampere hour met'er "23 a1id wire 2 .t,"oaclr"to the battery. --Itwi'll,

therefore, be observed that the battery is furfishing current" to the winding 42- o'f 1 the motor. At' thes'anie time another circiiit'can *be'tr'a'c'ed as ifoHows: From the-dynamo '3 through wire 20 to contactifinger 19, contact "'-ba'i-' 49, t'viibOQcilfitUt bar- 51, Contact finger 28, wire '29, Winding'SO of the mot rewi-re -3 1, -'contact finger "31", contact bar 32, wire observed that in the high-speed-position of the controller ha iidle 9 thedynamo 3-and *the battery G are'operating over parallel circuits "each 'to energize the reversible motor 4 in parallel. This, 1 therefore, provides circuits whereby 't'he In aximum energy of the system is supplied to the motor 4 *to drive the ve hicle'athiglrspeed. 'It wi ll'be observed that 'in this position of the-controller handle 9 the pedalswitch 8 is still in its neutral position.

' "Referring to Fig. 4, the controller handle 9 is movedto another position to effect a 're- 'versal of-motion ofthe vehicle 1, andin this position'of thehandle 9 the following cir "cuit can be traced: from dynamo 3, 'wire 20,

contact finger 19, -co'ntact 'bar 52, wire 53, 'contact'bar '54, contact finger 55, wire 56, winding'57 of the motor 4, wire-31, contact finger'31,-"conta'ct bar '32, wire 33, contact bar 34-, contact finger 35, and'wire36 back to 'the dynamo. The winding 57 which is thus energized by the current from the dynamo 3 isso designed and a'rranged with respect to the motor 4that when currentfiows through it in the direction indicated the armature of the motor is reversed in "motion, thereby driving the vehicle "in a reverse direction.

Referring to Fig. 5, when it is desired'to charge the battery 6, the following circuit can be traced from the dynamo 3, wire 20,

wire 5'S,-contact finger 59, contact bar 60, T30

; 1 charging. 1 Itnwilli alsoizbecapp arent'gthati in order-to establish-this 'circuit..-it hasaf'been necessarygto depress the"pedal;.12. of the switch 8;" It willl also be observed that when this pedal has beenidepressedea'll connections through-the controller: 7 to'the motor :4 have been cut ea. 1 A 'conside'ration of the circuits -w-ill also show'that this pedalidepression will out" ofi' connections to the inotor et inrany -=position o'fth'e controller 7 and :e'stablishi 'a 'connecti on between the d amo 3 and the battry fi sliitahl for charging the battery.

Consequently, it is a very simple matter for the driver of the vehicle, for instance when he is coasting and does not desire to energize the motor 4;, to depress his pedal thereby disconnecting the motor and permit ting the vehicle to coast, and, at the same time, charging his battery, assuming that the ampere .hour meter indicates that the battery should be charged. During coasting, whenever he desires to apply energy to the motor again, he can do so by permitting the pedal to assume its normal position whereby the previous circuit is established whether that circuit was the high speed, low speed or reverse circuit. The operation of the pedal, therefore, acts in a manner some what analogous to the action of a clutch pedal in that by depressing the pedal the power is disconnected from the driving motor and applied to other uses, whereby the energy of the system is not wasted but stored away.

In charging a battery it is desirable that the engine be driven at high speed in order to cause the dynamo to deliver the proper high potential to the battery 6. Therefore, whenever the battery is to be charged the switch 71 above referred to is closed. This switch may be arranged in any suitable position convenient to the hand of the operator. By closing the switch 71 the solenoid 69 is energized, and this solenoid is connected t0 the lever system operating the carbureter 73 whereby an increased amount of gas is conveyed to the engine to speed it up the desired amount. The battery will form a load on the generator, and the condition of the battery will determine the amount of current flowing through the generator. As the battery becomes more nearly charged, the current flowing in this circuit will decrease whereby the magnetic action of the solenoid 69 will decrease and permit the carbureter to tend to close up and slow down the engine. in this manner the engine is automatically operated at the -proper speed in accordance :with' the amount of current required to bring the battery back to its proper potential.

It will,-therefore, beobserved that I have produced a simple, compact power system =controlled by'the operation of-a'controller :element in conjunction, under certain con- 'ditions, with the operation of a pedal switch which acts in a manner analogous to a -mechanical clutch; At any time during the opr-eration 01" the engine 2, the pedal can be'depressed' to disconnect the battery from the .motor and permit the car to run free and, at the same time, store up-the energy ofthe dynamo. 3 in the battery 6. The fact that this action can-take place independently and .regardless-of theposition of the controller *handle Qpisiexceedingly important'and ad- "jvantageo'us, It is quite within the spirit of the -i'nventionthat other means than a manually operable contrpller and a pedal operated switch can be used and still perform the functions of this apparatus in accordance with the invention.

\Vhat I claim is:

1. A propelling system for vehicles, which comprises a generator, a motor connected to the vehicle for driving the same, a battery and circuits adapted to be established therebetween, a controller operable to selectively establish said circuits, and a switch having a neutral position and adapted when actuated to establish a circuit from the gen erator to the battery and to disconnect the circuit from the generator to the motor independent of the position of the controller when the switch is operated.

2. A propelling system for vehicles, comprisin a generator, a motor, a battery, a contro ler for selectively establishing circuits therebetween, and means adapted to be actuated at the will of the operator to transfer the energy of the generator from the motor to the battery independently of the position of the controller at the time said means is actuated;

3. A propellin system for vehicles, comprising a generator, a motor, a battery and circuits adapted to be established therebetween, a controller adapted to selectively establish said circuits, a switch adapted when operated to transfer the energy of the generator from the motor to the battery independent of the position of the controller, an engine for driving the generator having a carburcter, a solenoid operably associated with the carbureter, a second switch adapted when actuated to establish a circuit through the solenoid, said circuit through the solenoid being energized upon the actuation of the first-mentioned switch, and means whereby the speed of the engine by the actuation of the carbureter is maintained in proportion 'to the current passing through the circuit ofthe battery.

Al A- propelling-system for vehicles, com- :prising 'augenerafcor, a; battery, a motor, a controller-adapted selectively: to establish arenas :therebetween, a switch adapted when operated: to transferthe energy of the genwerator fromitttheumotor to the battery to charge the battery, and; means actuated in prbporti'onqto the current in the battery circuit-to varytlie speed of the generator; -.1- .5. Agprope-llingsystem for vehicles, comprisingsa igenerat'onxa motor, a battery, a -c0ntroller; adapted}f-selective1y to establish ccircuitset'herebetween, ,said controller having =;a-L 1eutra1;position, switching means adapted ":when actuated t'o transfer-the energy of the generator rfno1i1-;the.- motor to ;the battery insdependentlyiof thepdsitioniof the controller, a second: switching means adapted when acneutral position whereby the. battery supplies the generator as a motor, a device for varylng the speed aof the generator,--and a third switching means. aclaptedEwhen actuated to establish-a circuit through sald device when the .second switching :rneans 1s actuated whereby said device rewives current in proprisin' a-generator, a motor, a battery, a

vcon'tro ler :ada-pted selectively to establish circuits therebetweem'and a single switch- FRED BERGER sing element :adapted to disconnect theE-cirl-cuits'-fromthe-;generator to the motor independent of thep'osition; of the controller, .iwhereby'the VG1IlC1BJ.lS'iP81'-Illlttd ;to coast and the eenergyfof the; generator is: transferred to; the -batttery :tolcharge wthesa-me; during the actua'tiouof the; switching means. ituaztechtoiestabl ishmjciro t fromth -b y to the generatonmihenrthe:controll nis in h 

